diff --git a/packages/backend/src/server/oauth/OAuth2ProviderService.ts b/packages/backend/src/server/oauth/OAuth2ProviderService.ts
index 677a85473..a18b3519a 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/oauth/OAuth2ProviderService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/oauth/OAuth2ProviderService.ts
@@ -384,7 +384,6 @@ export class OAuth2ProviderService {
 				if (!body.code_verifier || pkceS256(body.code_verifier) !== granted.codeChallenge) return [false];
 
 				const accessToken = secureRndstr(128, true);
-				const refreshToken = secureRndstr(128, true);
 
 				const now = new Date();
 
@@ -400,7 +399,7 @@ export class OAuth2ProviderService {
 					permission: granted.scopes,
 				});
 
-				return [accessToken, refreshToken];
+				return [accessToken, { scope: granted.scopes.join(' ') }];
 			})().then(args => done(null, ...args), err => done(err));
 		}));
 		this.#server.serializeClient((client, done) => done(null, client));
@@ -441,7 +440,7 @@ export class OAuth2ProviderService {
 		// this feature for some time, given that this is security related.
 		fastify.get<{ Querystring: OAuthRequestQuery }>('/oauth/authorize', async (request, reply) => {
 			console.log('HIT /oauth/authorize', request.query);
-			const oauth2 = (request.raw as any).oauth2 as (OAuth2 | undefined);
+			const oauth2 = (request.raw as any).oauth2 as OAuth2;
 			console.log(oauth2, request.raw.session);
 
 			if (request.query.response_type !== 'code') {
@@ -454,15 +453,16 @@ export class OAuth2ProviderService {
 				throw new Error('`code_challenge_method` parameter must be set as S256');
 			}
 
-			const scopes = [...new Set(oauth2?.req.scope)].filter(s => kinds.includes(s));
+			const scopes = [...new Set(oauth2.req.scope)].filter(s => kinds.includes(s));
 			if (!scopes.length) {
 				throw new Error('`scope` parameter has no known scope');
 			}
+			oauth2.req.scope = scopes;
 
 			reply.header('Cache-Control', 'no-store');
 			return await reply.view('oauth', {
-				transactionId: oauth2?.transactionID,
-				clientId: oauth2?.client,
+				transactionId: oauth2.transactionID,
+				clientId: oauth2.client,
 				scope: scopes.join(' '),
 			});
 		});
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/e2e/oauth.ts b/packages/backend/test/e2e/oauth.ts
index 5dd0d7c39..17fcea9e9 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/e2e/oauth.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/test/e2e/oauth.ts
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ describe('OAuth', () => {
 			code_verifier,
 		});
 		assert.strictEqual(typeof token.token.access_token, 'string');
-		assert.strictEqual(typeof token.token.refresh_token, 'string');
 		assert.strictEqual(token.token.token_type, 'Bearer');
+		assert.strictEqual(token.token.scope, 'write:notes');
 
 		const createResponse = await relativeFetch('api/notes/create', {
 			method: 'POST',
@@ -278,19 +278,39 @@ describe('OAuth', () => {
 		});
 
 		test('Partially known scopes', async () => {
+			const { code_challenge, code_verifier } = pkceChallenge.default(128);
+
 			const client = getClient();
 
 			const response = await fetch(client.authorizeURL({
 				redirect_uri,
 				scope: 'write:notes test:unknown test:unknown2',
 				state: 'state',
-				code_challenge: 'code',
+				code_challenge,
 				code_challenge_method: 'S256',
 			}));
 
 			// Just get the known scope for this case for backward compatibility
 			assert.strictEqual(response.status, 200);
-			// TODO: OAuth2 requires returning `scope` in the token response in this case but oauth2orize seemingly doesn't support this
+
+			const decisionResponse = await fetchDecisionFromResponse(response, alice);
+			assert.strictEqual(decisionResponse.status, 302);
+
+			const location = new URL(decisionResponse.headers.get('location')!);
+			assert.ok(location.searchParams.has('code'));
+
+			const code = new URL(decisionResponse.headers.get('location')!).searchParams.get('code')!;
+			assert.ok(!!code);
+
+			const token = await client.getToken({
+				code,
+				redirect_uri,
+				code_verifier,
+			});
+
+			// OAuth2 requires returning `scope` in the token response if the resulting scope is different than the requested one
+			// (Although Misskey always return scope, which is also fine)
+			assert.strictEqual(token.token.scope, 'write:notes');
 		});
 
 		test('Known scopes', async () => {
@@ -304,13 +324,79 @@ describe('OAuth', () => {
 				code_challenge_method: 'S256',
 			}));
 
-			// Just get the known scope for this case for backward compatibility
 			assert.strictEqual(response.status, 200);
 		});
 
-		// TODO: duplicate scopes test (currently token response doesn't return final scopes, although it must)
+		test('Duplicated scopes', async () => {
+			const { code_challenge, code_verifier } = pkceChallenge.default(128);
 
-		// TODO: write failure when no scope
+			const client = getClient();
+
+			const response = await fetch(client.authorizeURL({
+				redirect_uri,
+				scope: 'write:notes write:notes read:account read:account',
+				state: 'state',
+				code_challenge,
+				code_challenge_method: 'S256',
+			}));
+
+			assert.strictEqual(response.status, 200);
+
+			const decisionResponse = await fetchDecisionFromResponse(response, alice);
+			assert.strictEqual(decisionResponse.status, 302);
+
+			const location = new URL(decisionResponse.headers.get('location')!);
+			assert.ok(location.searchParams.has('code'));
+
+			const code = new URL(decisionResponse.headers.get('location')!).searchParams.get('code')!;
+			assert.ok(!!code);
+
+			const token = await client.getToken({
+				code,
+				redirect_uri,
+				code_verifier,
+			});
+			assert.strictEqual(token.token.scope, 'write:notes read:account');
+		});
+
+		test('Scope check by API', async () => {
+			const { code_challenge, code_verifier } = pkceChallenge.default(128);
+
+			const client = getClient();
+
+			const response = await fetch(client.authorizeURL({
+				redirect_uri,
+				scope: 'read:account',
+				state: 'state',
+				code_challenge,
+				code_challenge_method: 'S256',
+			}));
+			assert.strictEqual(response.status, 200);
+
+			const decisionResponse = await fetchDecisionFromResponse(response, alice);
+			assert.strictEqual(decisionResponse.status, 302);
+
+			const location = new URL(decisionResponse.headers.get('location')!);
+			assert.ok(location.searchParams.has('code'));
+
+			const token = await client.getToken({
+				code: location.searchParams.get('code')!,
+				redirect_uri,
+				code_verifier,
+			});
+			assert.strictEqual(typeof token.token.access_token, 'string');
+
+			const createResponse = await relativeFetch('api/notes/create', {
+				method: 'POST',
+				headers: {
+					Authorization: `Bearer ${token.token.access_token}`,
+					'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+				},
+				body: JSON.stringify({ text: 'test' }),
+			});
+			// XXX: PERMISSION_DENIED is not using kind: 'permission' and gives 400 instead of 403
+			assert.strictEqual(createResponse.status, 400);
+		});
 	});
 
 	test('Authorization header', async () => {