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729 lines
29 KiB
Python
729 lines
29 KiB
Python
"""Blocking and non-blocking HTTP client interfaces.
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This module defines a common interface shared by two implementations,
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``simple_httpclient`` and ``curl_httpclient``. Applications may either
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instantiate their chosen implementation class directly or use the
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`AsyncHTTPClient` class from this module, which selects an implementation
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that can be overridden with the `AsyncHTTPClient.configure` method.
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The default implementation is ``simple_httpclient``, and this is expected
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to be suitable for most users' needs. However, some applications may wish
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to switch to ``curl_httpclient`` for reasons such as the following:
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* ``curl_httpclient`` has some features not found in ``simple_httpclient``,
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including support for HTTP proxies and the ability to use a specified
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network interface.
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* ``curl_httpclient`` is more likely to be compatible with sites that are
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not-quite-compliant with the HTTP spec, or sites that use little-exercised
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features of HTTP.
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* ``curl_httpclient`` is faster.
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* ``curl_httpclient`` was the default prior to Tornado 2.0.
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Note that if you are using ``curl_httpclient``, it is highly
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recommended that you use a recent version of ``libcurl`` and
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``pycurl``. Currently the minimum supported version of libcurl is
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7.22.0, and the minimum version of pycurl is 7.18.2. It is highly
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recommended that your ``libcurl`` installation is built with
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asynchronous DNS resolver (threaded or c-ares), otherwise you may
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encounter various problems with request timeouts (for more
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information, see
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http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_setopt.html#CURLOPTCONNECTTIMEOUTMS
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and comments in curl_httpclient.py).
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To select ``curl_httpclient``, call `AsyncHTTPClient.configure` at startup::
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AsyncHTTPClient.configure("tornado.curl_httpclient.CurlAsyncHTTPClient")
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"""
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from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
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import functools
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import time
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import warnings
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import weakref
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from tornado.concurrent import Future, future_set_result_unless_cancelled
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from tornado.escape import utf8, native_str
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from tornado import gen, httputil, stack_context
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from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
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from tornado.util import Configurable
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class HTTPClient(object):
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"""A blocking HTTP client.
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This interface is provided to make it easier to share code between
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synchronous and asynchronous applications. Applications that are
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running an `.IOLoop` must use `AsyncHTTPClient` instead.
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Typical usage looks like this::
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http_client = httpclient.HTTPClient()
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try:
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response = http_client.fetch("http://www.google.com/")
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print(response.body)
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except httpclient.HTTPError as e:
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# HTTPError is raised for non-200 responses; the response
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# can be found in e.response.
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print("Error: " + str(e))
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except Exception as e:
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# Other errors are possible, such as IOError.
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print("Error: " + str(e))
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http_client.close()
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.. versionchanged:: 5.0
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Due to limitations in `asyncio`, it is no longer possible to
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use the synchronous ``HTTPClient`` while an `.IOLoop` is running.
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Use `AsyncHTTPClient` instead.
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"""
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def __init__(self, async_client_class=None, **kwargs):
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# Initialize self._closed at the beginning of the constructor
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# so that an exception raised here doesn't lead to confusing
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# failures in __del__.
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self._closed = True
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self._io_loop = IOLoop(make_current=False)
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if async_client_class is None:
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async_client_class = AsyncHTTPClient
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# Create the client while our IOLoop is "current", without
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# clobbering the thread's real current IOLoop (if any).
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self._async_client = self._io_loop.run_sync(
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gen.coroutine(lambda: async_client_class(**kwargs)))
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self._closed = False
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def __del__(self):
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self.close()
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def close(self):
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"""Closes the HTTPClient, freeing any resources used."""
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if not self._closed:
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self._async_client.close()
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self._io_loop.close()
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self._closed = True
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def fetch(self, request, **kwargs):
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"""Executes a request, returning an `HTTPResponse`.
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The request may be either a string URL or an `HTTPRequest` object.
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If it is a string, we construct an `HTTPRequest` using any additional
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kwargs: ``HTTPRequest(request, **kwargs)``
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If an error occurs during the fetch, we raise an `HTTPError` unless
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the ``raise_error`` keyword argument is set to False.
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"""
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response = self._io_loop.run_sync(functools.partial(
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self._async_client.fetch, request, **kwargs))
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return response
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class AsyncHTTPClient(Configurable):
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"""An non-blocking HTTP client.
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Example usage::
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def handle_response(response):
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if response.error:
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print("Error: %s" % response.error)
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else:
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print(response.body)
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http_client = AsyncHTTPClient()
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http_client.fetch("http://www.google.com/", handle_response)
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The constructor for this class is magic in several respects: It
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actually creates an instance of an implementation-specific
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subclass, and instances are reused as a kind of pseudo-singleton
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(one per `.IOLoop`). The keyword argument ``force_instance=True``
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can be used to suppress this singleton behavior. Unless
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``force_instance=True`` is used, no arguments should be passed to
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the `AsyncHTTPClient` constructor. The implementation subclass as
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well as arguments to its constructor can be set with the static
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method `configure()`
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All `AsyncHTTPClient` implementations support a ``defaults``
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keyword argument, which can be used to set default values for
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`HTTPRequest` attributes. For example::
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AsyncHTTPClient.configure(
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None, defaults=dict(user_agent="MyUserAgent"))
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# or with force_instance:
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client = AsyncHTTPClient(force_instance=True,
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defaults=dict(user_agent="MyUserAgent"))
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.. versionchanged:: 5.0
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The ``io_loop`` argument (deprecated since version 4.1) has been removed.
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"""
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@classmethod
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def configurable_base(cls):
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return AsyncHTTPClient
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@classmethod
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def configurable_default(cls):
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from tornado.simple_httpclient import SimpleAsyncHTTPClient
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return SimpleAsyncHTTPClient
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@classmethod
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def _async_clients(cls):
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attr_name = '_async_client_dict_' + cls.__name__
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if not hasattr(cls, attr_name):
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setattr(cls, attr_name, weakref.WeakKeyDictionary())
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return getattr(cls, attr_name)
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def __new__(cls, force_instance=False, **kwargs):
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io_loop = IOLoop.current()
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if force_instance:
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instance_cache = None
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else:
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instance_cache = cls._async_clients()
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if instance_cache is not None and io_loop in instance_cache:
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return instance_cache[io_loop]
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instance = super(AsyncHTTPClient, cls).__new__(cls, **kwargs)
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# Make sure the instance knows which cache to remove itself from.
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# It can't simply call _async_clients() because we may be in
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# __new__(AsyncHTTPClient) but instance.__class__ may be
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# SimpleAsyncHTTPClient.
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instance._instance_cache = instance_cache
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if instance_cache is not None:
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instance_cache[instance.io_loop] = instance
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return instance
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def initialize(self, defaults=None):
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self.io_loop = IOLoop.current()
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self.defaults = dict(HTTPRequest._DEFAULTS)
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if defaults is not None:
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self.defaults.update(defaults)
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self._closed = False
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def close(self):
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"""Destroys this HTTP client, freeing any file descriptors used.
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This method is **not needed in normal use** due to the way
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that `AsyncHTTPClient` objects are transparently reused.
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``close()`` is generally only necessary when either the
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`.IOLoop` is also being closed, or the ``force_instance=True``
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argument was used when creating the `AsyncHTTPClient`.
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No other methods may be called on the `AsyncHTTPClient` after
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``close()``.
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"""
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if self._closed:
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return
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self._closed = True
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if self._instance_cache is not None:
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if self._instance_cache.get(self.io_loop) is not self:
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raise RuntimeError("inconsistent AsyncHTTPClient cache")
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del self._instance_cache[self.io_loop]
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def fetch(self, request, callback=None, raise_error=True, **kwargs):
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"""Executes a request, asynchronously returning an `HTTPResponse`.
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The request may be either a string URL or an `HTTPRequest` object.
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If it is a string, we construct an `HTTPRequest` using any additional
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kwargs: ``HTTPRequest(request, **kwargs)``
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This method returns a `.Future` whose result is an
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`HTTPResponse`. By default, the ``Future`` will raise an
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`HTTPError` if the request returned a non-200 response code
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(other errors may also be raised if the server could not be
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contacted). Instead, if ``raise_error`` is set to False, the
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response will always be returned regardless of the response
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code.
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If a ``callback`` is given, it will be invoked with the `HTTPResponse`.
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In the callback interface, `HTTPError` is not automatically raised.
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Instead, you must check the response's ``error`` attribute or
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call its `~HTTPResponse.rethrow` method.
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.. deprecated:: 5.1
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The ``callback`` argument is deprecated and will be removed
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in 6.0. Use the returned `.Future` instead.
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The ``raise_error=False`` argument currently suppresses
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*all* errors, encapsulating them in `HTTPResponse` objects
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with a 599 response code. This will change in Tornado 6.0:
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``raise_error=False`` will only affect the `HTTPError`
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raised when a non-200 response code is used.
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"""
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if self._closed:
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raise RuntimeError("fetch() called on closed AsyncHTTPClient")
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if not isinstance(request, HTTPRequest):
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request = HTTPRequest(url=request, **kwargs)
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else:
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if kwargs:
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raise ValueError("kwargs can't be used if request is an HTTPRequest object")
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# We may modify this (to add Host, Accept-Encoding, etc),
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# so make sure we don't modify the caller's object. This is also
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# where normal dicts get converted to HTTPHeaders objects.
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request.headers = httputil.HTTPHeaders(request.headers)
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request = _RequestProxy(request, self.defaults)
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future = Future()
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if callback is not None:
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warnings.warn("callback arguments are deprecated, use the returned Future instead",
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DeprecationWarning)
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callback = stack_context.wrap(callback)
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def handle_future(future):
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exc = future.exception()
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if isinstance(exc, HTTPError) and exc.response is not None:
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response = exc.response
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elif exc is not None:
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response = HTTPResponse(
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request, 599, error=exc,
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request_time=time.time() - request.start_time)
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else:
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response = future.result()
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self.io_loop.add_callback(callback, response)
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future.add_done_callback(handle_future)
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def handle_response(response):
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if raise_error and response.error:
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if isinstance(response.error, HTTPError):
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response.error.response = response
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future.set_exception(response.error)
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else:
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if response.error and not response._error_is_response_code:
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warnings.warn("raise_error=False will allow '%s' to be raised in the future" %
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response.error, DeprecationWarning)
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future_set_result_unless_cancelled(future, response)
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self.fetch_impl(request, handle_response)
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return future
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def fetch_impl(self, request, callback):
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raise NotImplementedError()
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@classmethod
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def configure(cls, impl, **kwargs):
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"""Configures the `AsyncHTTPClient` subclass to use.
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``AsyncHTTPClient()`` actually creates an instance of a subclass.
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This method may be called with either a class object or the
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fully-qualified name of such a class (or ``None`` to use the default,
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``SimpleAsyncHTTPClient``)
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If additional keyword arguments are given, they will be passed
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to the constructor of each subclass instance created. The
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keyword argument ``max_clients`` determines the maximum number
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of simultaneous `~AsyncHTTPClient.fetch()` operations that can
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execute in parallel on each `.IOLoop`. Additional arguments
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may be supported depending on the implementation class in use.
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Example::
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AsyncHTTPClient.configure("tornado.curl_httpclient.CurlAsyncHTTPClient")
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"""
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super(AsyncHTTPClient, cls).configure(impl, **kwargs)
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class HTTPRequest(object):
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"""HTTP client request object."""
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# Default values for HTTPRequest parameters.
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# Merged with the values on the request object by AsyncHTTPClient
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# implementations.
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_DEFAULTS = dict(
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connect_timeout=20.0,
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request_timeout=20.0,
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follow_redirects=True,
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max_redirects=5,
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decompress_response=True,
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proxy_password='',
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allow_nonstandard_methods=False,
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validate_cert=True)
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def __init__(self, url, method="GET", headers=None, body=None,
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auth_username=None, auth_password=None, auth_mode=None,
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connect_timeout=None, request_timeout=None,
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if_modified_since=None, follow_redirects=None,
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max_redirects=None, user_agent=None, use_gzip=None,
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network_interface=None, streaming_callback=None,
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header_callback=None, prepare_curl_callback=None,
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proxy_host=None, proxy_port=None, proxy_username=None,
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proxy_password=None, proxy_auth_mode=None,
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allow_nonstandard_methods=None, validate_cert=None,
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ca_certs=None, allow_ipv6=None, client_key=None,
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client_cert=None, body_producer=None,
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expect_100_continue=False, decompress_response=None,
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ssl_options=None):
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r"""All parameters except ``url`` are optional.
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:arg str url: URL to fetch
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:arg str method: HTTP method, e.g. "GET" or "POST"
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:arg headers: Additional HTTP headers to pass on the request
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:type headers: `~tornado.httputil.HTTPHeaders` or `dict`
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:arg body: HTTP request body as a string (byte or unicode; if unicode
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the utf-8 encoding will be used)
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:arg body_producer: Callable used for lazy/asynchronous request bodies.
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It is called with one argument, a ``write`` function, and should
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return a `.Future`. It should call the write function with new
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data as it becomes available. The write function returns a
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`.Future` which can be used for flow control.
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Only one of ``body`` and ``body_producer`` may
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be specified. ``body_producer`` is not supported on
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``curl_httpclient``. When using ``body_producer`` it is recommended
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to pass a ``Content-Length`` in the headers as otherwise chunked
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encoding will be used, and many servers do not support chunked
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encoding on requests. New in Tornado 4.0
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:arg str auth_username: Username for HTTP authentication
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:arg str auth_password: Password for HTTP authentication
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:arg str auth_mode: Authentication mode; default is "basic".
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Allowed values are implementation-defined; ``curl_httpclient``
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supports "basic" and "digest"; ``simple_httpclient`` only supports
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"basic"
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:arg float connect_timeout: Timeout for initial connection in seconds,
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default 20 seconds
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:arg float request_timeout: Timeout for entire request in seconds,
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default 20 seconds
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:arg if_modified_since: Timestamp for ``If-Modified-Since`` header
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:type if_modified_since: `datetime` or `float`
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:arg bool follow_redirects: Should redirects be followed automatically
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or return the 3xx response? Default True.
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:arg int max_redirects: Limit for ``follow_redirects``, default 5.
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:arg str user_agent: String to send as ``User-Agent`` header
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:arg bool decompress_response: Request a compressed response from
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the server and decompress it after downloading. Default is True.
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New in Tornado 4.0.
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:arg bool use_gzip: Deprecated alias for ``decompress_response``
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since Tornado 4.0.
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:arg str network_interface: Network interface to use for request.
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``curl_httpclient`` only; see note below.
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:arg collections.abc.Callable streaming_callback: If set, ``streaming_callback`` will
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be run with each chunk of data as it is received, and
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``HTTPResponse.body`` and ``HTTPResponse.buffer`` will be empty in
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the final response.
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:arg collections.abc.Callable header_callback: If set, ``header_callback`` will
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be run with each header line as it is received (including the
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first line, e.g. ``HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n``, and a final line
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containing only ``\r\n``. All lines include the trailing newline
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characters). ``HTTPResponse.headers`` will be empty in the final
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response. This is most useful in conjunction with
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``streaming_callback``, because it's the only way to get access to
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header data while the request is in progress.
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:arg collections.abc.Callable prepare_curl_callback: If set, will be called with
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a ``pycurl.Curl`` object to allow the application to make additional
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``setopt`` calls.
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:arg str proxy_host: HTTP proxy hostname. To use proxies,
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``proxy_host`` and ``proxy_port`` must be set; ``proxy_username``,
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``proxy_pass`` and ``proxy_auth_mode`` are optional. Proxies are
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currently only supported with ``curl_httpclient``.
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:arg int proxy_port: HTTP proxy port
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:arg str proxy_username: HTTP proxy username
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:arg str proxy_password: HTTP proxy password
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:arg str proxy_auth_mode: HTTP proxy Authentication mode;
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default is "basic". supports "basic" and "digest"
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:arg bool allow_nonstandard_methods: Allow unknown values for ``method``
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argument? Default is False.
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:arg bool validate_cert: For HTTPS requests, validate the server's
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certificate? Default is True.
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:arg str ca_certs: filename of CA certificates in PEM format,
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or None to use defaults. See note below when used with
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``curl_httpclient``.
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:arg str client_key: Filename for client SSL key, if any. See
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note below when used with ``curl_httpclient``.
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:arg str client_cert: Filename for client SSL certificate, if any.
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See note below when used with ``curl_httpclient``.
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:arg ssl.SSLContext ssl_options: `ssl.SSLContext` object for use in
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``simple_httpclient`` (unsupported by ``curl_httpclient``).
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Overrides ``validate_cert``, ``ca_certs``, ``client_key``,
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and ``client_cert``.
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:arg bool allow_ipv6: Use IPv6 when available? Default is true.
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:arg bool expect_100_continue: If true, send the
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``Expect: 100-continue`` header and wait for a continue response
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before sending the request body. Only supported with
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simple_httpclient.
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.. note::
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When using ``curl_httpclient`` certain options may be
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inherited by subsequent fetches because ``pycurl`` does
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not allow them to be cleanly reset. This applies to the
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``ca_certs``, ``client_key``, ``client_cert``, and
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``network_interface`` arguments. If you use these
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options, you should pass them on every request (you don't
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have to always use the same values, but it's not possible
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to mix requests that specify these options with ones that
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use the defaults).
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.. versionadded:: 3.1
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The ``auth_mode`` argument.
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.. versionadded:: 4.0
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The ``body_producer`` and ``expect_100_continue`` arguments.
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.. versionadded:: 4.2
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The ``ssl_options`` argument.
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.. versionadded:: 4.5
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The ``proxy_auth_mode`` argument.
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"""
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# Note that some of these attributes go through property setters
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# defined below.
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self.headers = headers
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if if_modified_since:
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|
self.headers["If-Modified-Since"] = httputil.format_timestamp(
|
|
if_modified_since)
|
|
self.proxy_host = proxy_host
|
|
self.proxy_port = proxy_port
|
|
self.proxy_username = proxy_username
|
|
self.proxy_password = proxy_password
|
|
self.proxy_auth_mode = proxy_auth_mode
|
|
self.url = url
|
|
self.method = method
|
|
self.body = body
|
|
self.body_producer = body_producer
|
|
self.auth_username = auth_username
|
|
self.auth_password = auth_password
|
|
self.auth_mode = auth_mode
|
|
self.connect_timeout = connect_timeout
|
|
self.request_timeout = request_timeout
|
|
self.follow_redirects = follow_redirects
|
|
self.max_redirects = max_redirects
|
|
self.user_agent = user_agent
|
|
if decompress_response is not None:
|
|
self.decompress_response = decompress_response
|
|
else:
|
|
self.decompress_response = use_gzip
|
|
self.network_interface = network_interface
|
|
self.streaming_callback = streaming_callback
|
|
self.header_callback = header_callback
|
|
self.prepare_curl_callback = prepare_curl_callback
|
|
self.allow_nonstandard_methods = allow_nonstandard_methods
|
|
self.validate_cert = validate_cert
|
|
self.ca_certs = ca_certs
|
|
self.allow_ipv6 = allow_ipv6
|
|
self.client_key = client_key
|
|
self.client_cert = client_cert
|
|
self.ssl_options = ssl_options
|
|
self.expect_100_continue = expect_100_continue
|
|
self.start_time = time.time()
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def headers(self):
|
|
return self._headers
|
|
|
|
@headers.setter
|
|
def headers(self, value):
|
|
if value is None:
|
|
self._headers = httputil.HTTPHeaders()
|
|
else:
|
|
self._headers = value
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def body(self):
|
|
return self._body
|
|
|
|
@body.setter
|
|
def body(self, value):
|
|
self._body = utf8(value)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def body_producer(self):
|
|
return self._body_producer
|
|
|
|
@body_producer.setter
|
|
def body_producer(self, value):
|
|
self._body_producer = stack_context.wrap(value)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def streaming_callback(self):
|
|
return self._streaming_callback
|
|
|
|
@streaming_callback.setter
|
|
def streaming_callback(self, value):
|
|
self._streaming_callback = stack_context.wrap(value)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def header_callback(self):
|
|
return self._header_callback
|
|
|
|
@header_callback.setter
|
|
def header_callback(self, value):
|
|
self._header_callback = stack_context.wrap(value)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def prepare_curl_callback(self):
|
|
return self._prepare_curl_callback
|
|
|
|
@prepare_curl_callback.setter
|
|
def prepare_curl_callback(self, value):
|
|
self._prepare_curl_callback = stack_context.wrap(value)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPResponse(object):
|
|
"""HTTP Response object.
|
|
|
|
Attributes:
|
|
|
|
* request: HTTPRequest object
|
|
|
|
* code: numeric HTTP status code, e.g. 200 or 404
|
|
|
|
* reason: human-readable reason phrase describing the status code
|
|
|
|
* headers: `tornado.httputil.HTTPHeaders` object
|
|
|
|
* effective_url: final location of the resource after following any
|
|
redirects
|
|
|
|
* buffer: ``cStringIO`` object for response body
|
|
|
|
* body: response body as bytes (created on demand from ``self.buffer``)
|
|
|
|
* error: Exception object, if any
|
|
|
|
* request_time: seconds from request start to finish
|
|
|
|
* time_info: dictionary of diagnostic timing information from the request.
|
|
Available data are subject to change, but currently uses timings
|
|
available from http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_getinfo.html,
|
|
plus ``queue``, which is the delay (if any) introduced by waiting for
|
|
a slot under `AsyncHTTPClient`'s ``max_clients`` setting.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, request, code, headers=None, buffer=None,
|
|
effective_url=None, error=None, request_time=None,
|
|
time_info=None, reason=None):
|
|
if isinstance(request, _RequestProxy):
|
|
self.request = request.request
|
|
else:
|
|
self.request = request
|
|
self.code = code
|
|
self.reason = reason or httputil.responses.get(code, "Unknown")
|
|
if headers is not None:
|
|
self.headers = headers
|
|
else:
|
|
self.headers = httputil.HTTPHeaders()
|
|
self.buffer = buffer
|
|
self._body = None
|
|
if effective_url is None:
|
|
self.effective_url = request.url
|
|
else:
|
|
self.effective_url = effective_url
|
|
self._error_is_response_code = False
|
|
if error is None:
|
|
if self.code < 200 or self.code >= 300:
|
|
self._error_is_response_code = True
|
|
self.error = HTTPError(self.code, message=self.reason,
|
|
response=self)
|
|
else:
|
|
self.error = None
|
|
else:
|
|
self.error = error
|
|
self.request_time = request_time
|
|
self.time_info = time_info or {}
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def body(self):
|
|
if self.buffer is None:
|
|
return None
|
|
elif self._body is None:
|
|
self._body = self.buffer.getvalue()
|
|
|
|
return self._body
|
|
|
|
def rethrow(self):
|
|
"""If there was an error on the request, raise an `HTTPError`."""
|
|
if self.error:
|
|
raise self.error
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
args = ",".join("%s=%r" % i for i in sorted(self.__dict__.items()))
|
|
return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, args)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPClientError(Exception):
|
|
"""Exception thrown for an unsuccessful HTTP request.
|
|
|
|
Attributes:
|
|
|
|
* ``code`` - HTTP error integer error code, e.g. 404. Error code 599 is
|
|
used when no HTTP response was received, e.g. for a timeout.
|
|
|
|
* ``response`` - `HTTPResponse` object, if any.
|
|
|
|
Note that if ``follow_redirects`` is False, redirects become HTTPErrors,
|
|
and you can look at ``error.response.headers['Location']`` to see the
|
|
destination of the redirect.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 5.1
|
|
|
|
Renamed from ``HTTPError`` to ``HTTPClientError`` to avoid collisions with
|
|
`tornado.web.HTTPError`. The name ``tornado.httpclient.HTTPError`` remains
|
|
as an alias.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, code, message=None, response=None):
|
|
self.code = code
|
|
self.message = message or httputil.responses.get(code, "Unknown")
|
|
self.response = response
|
|
super(HTTPClientError, self).__init__(code, message, response)
|
|
|
|
def __str__(self):
|
|
return "HTTP %d: %s" % (self.code, self.message)
|
|
|
|
# There is a cyclic reference between self and self.response,
|
|
# which breaks the default __repr__ implementation.
|
|
# (especially on pypy, which doesn't have the same recursion
|
|
# detection as cpython).
|
|
__repr__ = __str__
|
|
|
|
|
|
HTTPError = HTTPClientError
|
|
|
|
|
|
class _RequestProxy(object):
|
|
"""Combines an object with a dictionary of defaults.
|
|
|
|
Used internally by AsyncHTTPClient implementations.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, request, defaults):
|
|
self.request = request
|
|
self.defaults = defaults
|
|
|
|
def __getattr__(self, name):
|
|
request_attr = getattr(self.request, name)
|
|
if request_attr is not None:
|
|
return request_attr
|
|
elif self.defaults is not None:
|
|
return self.defaults.get(name, None)
|
|
else:
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def main():
|
|
from tornado.options import define, options, parse_command_line
|
|
define("print_headers", type=bool, default=False)
|
|
define("print_body", type=bool, default=True)
|
|
define("follow_redirects", type=bool, default=True)
|
|
define("validate_cert", type=bool, default=True)
|
|
define("proxy_host", type=str)
|
|
define("proxy_port", type=int)
|
|
args = parse_command_line()
|
|
client = HTTPClient()
|
|
for arg in args:
|
|
try:
|
|
response = client.fetch(arg,
|
|
follow_redirects=options.follow_redirects,
|
|
validate_cert=options.validate_cert,
|
|
proxy_host=options.proxy_host,
|
|
proxy_port=options.proxy_port,
|
|
)
|
|
except HTTPError as e:
|
|
if e.response is not None:
|
|
response = e.response
|
|
else:
|
|
raise
|
|
if options.print_headers:
|
|
print(response.headers)
|
|
if options.print_body:
|
|
print(native_str(response.body))
|
|
client.close()
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|
main()
|