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546 lines
21 KiB
Python
546 lines
21 KiB
Python
# Copyright (c) 2012 Mitch Garnaat http://garnaat.org/
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# Copyright (c) 2012 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved
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#
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# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
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# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
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# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
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# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, dis-
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# tribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
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# persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the fol-
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# lowing conditions:
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#
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# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
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# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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#
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# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
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# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL-
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# ITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
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# SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
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# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
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# IN THE SOFTWARE.
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#
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from boto.dynamodb.batch import BatchList
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from boto.dynamodb.schema import Schema
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from boto.dynamodb.item import Item
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from boto.dynamodb import exceptions as dynamodb_exceptions
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import time
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class TableBatchGenerator(object):
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"""
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A low-level generator used to page through results from
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batch_get_item operations.
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:ivar consumed_units: An integer that holds the number of
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ConsumedCapacityUnits accumulated thus far for this
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generator.
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"""
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def __init__(self, table, keys, attributes_to_get=None,
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consistent_read=False):
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self.table = table
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self.keys = keys
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self.consumed_units = 0
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self.attributes_to_get = attributes_to_get
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self.consistent_read = consistent_read
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def _queue_unprocessed(self, res):
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if u'UnprocessedKeys' not in res:
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return
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if self.table.name not in res[u'UnprocessedKeys']:
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return
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keys = res[u'UnprocessedKeys'][self.table.name][u'Keys']
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for key in keys:
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h = key[u'HashKeyElement']
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r = key[u'RangeKeyElement'] if u'RangeKeyElement' in key else None
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self.keys.append((h, r))
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def __iter__(self):
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while self.keys:
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# Build the next batch
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batch = BatchList(self.table.layer2)
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batch.add_batch(self.table, self.keys[:100],
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self.attributes_to_get)
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res = batch.submit()
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# parse the results
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if self.table.name not in res[u'Responses']:
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continue
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self.consumed_units += res[u'Responses'][self.table.name][u'ConsumedCapacityUnits']
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for elem in res[u'Responses'][self.table.name][u'Items']:
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yield elem
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# re-queue un processed keys
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self.keys = self.keys[100:]
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self._queue_unprocessed(res)
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class Table(object):
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"""
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An Amazon DynamoDB table.
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:ivar name: The name of the table.
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:ivar create_time: The date and time that the table was created.
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:ivar status: The current status of the table. One of:
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'ACTIVE', 'UPDATING', 'DELETING'.
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:ivar schema: A :class:`boto.dynamodb.schema.Schema` object representing
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the schema defined for the table.
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:ivar item_count: The number of items in the table. This value is
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set only when the Table object is created or refreshed and
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may not reflect the actual count.
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:ivar size_bytes: Total size of the specified table, in bytes.
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Amazon DynamoDB updates this value approximately every six hours.
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Recent changes might not be reflected in this value.
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:ivar read_units: The ReadCapacityUnits of the tables
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Provisioned Throughput.
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:ivar write_units: The WriteCapacityUnits of the tables
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Provisioned Throughput.
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:ivar schema: The Schema object associated with the table.
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"""
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def __init__(self, layer2, response):
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"""
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:type layer2: :class:`boto.dynamodb.layer2.Layer2`
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:param layer2: A `Layer2` api object.
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:type response: dict
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:param response: The output of
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`boto.dynamodb.layer1.Layer1.describe_table`.
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"""
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self.layer2 = layer2
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self._dict = {}
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self.update_from_response(response)
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@classmethod
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def create_from_schema(cls, layer2, name, schema):
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"""Create a Table object.
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If you know the name and schema of your table, you can
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create a ``Table`` object without having to make any
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API calls (normally an API call is made to retrieve
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the schema of a table).
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Example usage::
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table = Table.create_from_schema(
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boto.connect_dynamodb(),
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'tablename',
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Schema.create(hash_key=('keyname', 'N')))
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:type layer2: :class:`boto.dynamodb.layer2.Layer2`
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:param layer2: A ``Layer2`` api object.
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:type name: str
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:param name: The name of the table.
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:type schema: :class:`boto.dynamodb.schema.Schema`
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:param schema: The schema associated with the table.
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:rtype: :class:`boto.dynamodb.table.Table`
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:return: A Table object representing the table.
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"""
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table = cls(layer2, {'Table': {'TableName': name}})
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table._schema = schema
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return table
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def __repr__(self):
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return 'Table(%s)' % self.name
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@property
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def name(self):
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return self._dict['TableName']
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@property
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def create_time(self):
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return self._dict.get('CreationDateTime', None)
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@property
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def status(self):
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return self._dict.get('TableStatus', None)
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@property
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def item_count(self):
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return self._dict.get('ItemCount', 0)
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@property
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def size_bytes(self):
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return self._dict.get('TableSizeBytes', 0)
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@property
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def schema(self):
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return self._schema
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@property
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def read_units(self):
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try:
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return self._dict['ProvisionedThroughput']['ReadCapacityUnits']
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except KeyError:
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return None
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@property
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def write_units(self):
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try:
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return self._dict['ProvisionedThroughput']['WriteCapacityUnits']
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except KeyError:
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return None
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def update_from_response(self, response):
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"""
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Update the state of the Table object based on the response
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data received from Amazon DynamoDB.
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"""
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# 'Table' is from a describe_table call.
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if 'Table' in response:
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self._dict.update(response['Table'])
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# 'TableDescription' is from a create_table call.
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elif 'TableDescription' in response:
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self._dict.update(response['TableDescription'])
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if 'KeySchema' in self._dict:
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self._schema = Schema(self._dict['KeySchema'])
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def refresh(self, wait_for_active=False, retry_seconds=5):
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"""
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Refresh all of the fields of the Table object by calling
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the underlying DescribeTable request.
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:type wait_for_active: bool
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:param wait_for_active: If True, this command will not return
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until the table status, as returned from Amazon DynamoDB, is
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'ACTIVE'.
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:type retry_seconds: int
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:param retry_seconds: If wait_for_active is True, this
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parameter controls the number of seconds of delay between
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calls to update_table in Amazon DynamoDB. Default is 5 seconds.
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"""
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done = False
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while not done:
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response = self.layer2.describe_table(self.name)
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self.update_from_response(response)
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if wait_for_active:
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if self.status == 'ACTIVE':
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done = True
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else:
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time.sleep(retry_seconds)
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else:
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done = True
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def update_throughput(self, read_units, write_units):
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"""
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Update the ProvisionedThroughput for the Amazon DynamoDB Table.
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:type read_units: int
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:param read_units: The new value for ReadCapacityUnits.
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:type write_units: int
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:param write_units: The new value for WriteCapacityUnits.
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"""
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self.layer2.update_throughput(self, read_units, write_units)
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def delete(self):
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"""
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Delete this table and all items in it. After calling this
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the Table objects status attribute will be set to 'DELETING'.
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"""
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self.layer2.delete_table(self)
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def get_item(self, hash_key, range_key=None,
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attributes_to_get=None, consistent_read=False,
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item_class=Item):
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"""
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Retrieve an existing item from the table.
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:type hash_key: int|long|float|str|unicode|Binary
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:param hash_key: The HashKey of the requested item. The
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type of the value must match the type defined in the
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schema for the table.
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:type range_key: int|long|float|str|unicode|Binary
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:param range_key: The optional RangeKey of the requested item.
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The type of the value must match the type defined in the
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schema for the table.
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:type attributes_to_get: list
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:param attributes_to_get: A list of attribute names.
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If supplied, only the specified attribute names will
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be returned. Otherwise, all attributes will be returned.
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:type consistent_read: bool
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:param consistent_read: If True, a consistent read
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request is issued. Otherwise, an eventually consistent
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request is issued.
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:type item_class: Class
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:param item_class: Allows you to override the class used
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to generate the items. This should be a subclass of
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:class:`boto.dynamodb.item.Item`
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"""
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return self.layer2.get_item(self, hash_key, range_key,
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attributes_to_get, consistent_read,
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item_class)
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lookup = get_item
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def has_item(self, hash_key, range_key=None, consistent_read=False):
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"""
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Checks the table to see if the Item with the specified ``hash_key``
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exists. This may save a tiny bit of time/bandwidth over a
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straight :py:meth:`get_item` if you have no intention to touch
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the data that is returned, since this method specifically tells
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Amazon not to return anything but the Item's key.
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:type hash_key: int|long|float|str|unicode|Binary
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:param hash_key: The HashKey of the requested item. The
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type of the value must match the type defined in the
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schema for the table.
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:type range_key: int|long|float|str|unicode|Binary
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:param range_key: The optional RangeKey of the requested item.
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The type of the value must match the type defined in the
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schema for the table.
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:type consistent_read: bool
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:param consistent_read: If True, a consistent read
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request is issued. Otherwise, an eventually consistent
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request is issued.
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:rtype: bool
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:returns: ``True`` if the Item exists, ``False`` if not.
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"""
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try:
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# Attempt to get the key. If it can't be found, it'll raise
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# an exception.
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self.get_item(hash_key, range_key=range_key,
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# This minimizes the size of the response body.
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attributes_to_get=[hash_key],
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consistent_read=consistent_read)
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except dynamodb_exceptions.DynamoDBKeyNotFoundError:
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# Key doesn't exist.
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return False
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return True
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def new_item(self, hash_key=None, range_key=None, attrs=None,
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item_class=Item):
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"""
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Return an new, unsaved Item which can later be PUT to
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Amazon DynamoDB.
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This method has explicit (but optional) parameters for
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the hash_key and range_key values of the item. You can use
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these explicit parameters when calling the method, such as::
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>>> my_item = my_table.new_item(hash_key='a', range_key=1,
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attrs={'key1': 'val1', 'key2': 'val2'})
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>>> my_item
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{u'bar': 1, u'foo': 'a', 'key1': 'val1', 'key2': 'val2'}
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Or, if you prefer, you can simply put the hash_key and range_key
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in the attrs dictionary itself, like this::
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>>> attrs = {'foo': 'a', 'bar': 1, 'key1': 'val1', 'key2': 'val2'}
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>>> my_item = my_table.new_item(attrs=attrs)
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>>> my_item
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{u'bar': 1, u'foo': 'a', 'key1': 'val1', 'key2': 'val2'}
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The effect is the same.
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.. note:
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The explicit parameters take priority over the values in
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the attrs dict. So, if you have a hash_key or range_key
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in the attrs dict and you also supply either or both using
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the explicit parameters, the values in the attrs will be
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ignored.
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:type hash_key: int|long|float|str|unicode|Binary
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:param hash_key: The HashKey of the new item. The
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type of the value must match the type defined in the
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schema for the table.
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:type range_key: int|long|float|str|unicode|Binary
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:param range_key: The optional RangeKey of the new item.
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The type of the value must match the type defined in the
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schema for the table.
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:type attrs: dict
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:param attrs: A dictionary of key value pairs used to
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populate the new item.
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:type item_class: Class
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:param item_class: Allows you to override the class used
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to generate the items. This should be a subclass of
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:class:`boto.dynamodb.item.Item`
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"""
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return item_class(self, hash_key, range_key, attrs)
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def query(self, hash_key, *args, **kw):
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"""
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Perform a query on the table.
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:type hash_key: int|long|float|str|unicode|Binary
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:param hash_key: The HashKey of the requested item. The
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type of the value must match the type defined in the
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schema for the table.
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:type range_key_condition: :class:`boto.dynamodb.condition.Condition`
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:param range_key_condition: A Condition object.
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Condition object can be one of the following types:
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EQ|LE|LT|GE|GT|BEGINS_WITH|BETWEEN
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The only condition which expects or will accept two
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values is 'BETWEEN', otherwise a single value should
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be passed to the Condition constructor.
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:type attributes_to_get: list
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:param attributes_to_get: A list of attribute names.
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If supplied, only the specified attribute names will
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be returned. Otherwise, all attributes will be returned.
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:type request_limit: int
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:param request_limit: The maximum number of items to retrieve
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from Amazon DynamoDB on each request. You may want to set
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a specific request_limit based on the provisioned throughput
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of your table. The default behavior is to retrieve as many
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results as possible per request.
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:type max_results: int
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:param max_results: The maximum number of results that will
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be retrieved from Amazon DynamoDB in total. For example,
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if you only wanted to see the first 100 results from the
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query, regardless of how many were actually available, you
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could set max_results to 100 and the generator returned
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from the query method will only yeild 100 results max.
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:type consistent_read: bool
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:param consistent_read: If True, a consistent read
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request is issued. Otherwise, an eventually consistent
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request is issued.
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:type scan_index_forward: bool
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:param scan_index_forward: Specified forward or backward
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traversal of the index. Default is forward (True).
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:type exclusive_start_key: list or tuple
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:param exclusive_start_key: Primary key of the item from
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which to continue an earlier query. This would be
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provided as the LastEvaluatedKey in that query.
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:type count: bool
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:param count: If True, Amazon DynamoDB returns a total
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number of items for the Query operation, even if the
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operation has no matching items for the assigned filter.
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If count is True, the actual items are not returned and
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the count is accessible as the ``count`` attribute of
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the returned object.
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:type item_class: Class
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:param item_class: Allows you to override the class used
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to generate the items. This should be a subclass of
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:class:`boto.dynamodb.item.Item`
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"""
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return self.layer2.query(self, hash_key, *args, **kw)
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def scan(self, *args, **kw):
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"""
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Scan through this table, this is a very long
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and expensive operation, and should be avoided if
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at all possible.
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:type scan_filter: A dict
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:param scan_filter: A dictionary where the key is the
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attribute name and the value is a
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:class:`boto.dynamodb.condition.Condition` object.
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Valid Condition objects include:
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* EQ - equal (1)
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* NE - not equal (1)
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* LE - less than or equal (1)
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* LT - less than (1)
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* GE - greater than or equal (1)
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* GT - greater than (1)
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* NOT_NULL - attribute exists (0, use None)
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* NULL - attribute does not exist (0, use None)
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* CONTAINS - substring or value in list (1)
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* NOT_CONTAINS - absence of substring or value in list (1)
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* BEGINS_WITH - substring prefix (1)
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* IN - exact match in list (N)
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* BETWEEN - >= first value, <= second value (2)
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:type attributes_to_get: list
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:param attributes_to_get: A list of attribute names.
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If supplied, only the specified attribute names will
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be returned. Otherwise, all attributes will be returned.
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:type request_limit: int
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:param request_limit: The maximum number of items to retrieve
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from Amazon DynamoDB on each request. You may want to set
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a specific request_limit based on the provisioned throughput
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of your table. The default behavior is to retrieve as many
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results as possible per request.
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:type max_results: int
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:param max_results: The maximum number of results that will
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be retrieved from Amazon DynamoDB in total. For example,
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if you only wanted to see the first 100 results from the
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query, regardless of how many were actually available, you
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could set max_results to 100 and the generator returned
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from the query method will only yeild 100 results max.
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:type count: bool
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:param count: If True, Amazon DynamoDB returns a total
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number of items for the Scan operation, even if the
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operation has no matching items for the assigned filter.
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If count is True, the actual items are not returned and
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the count is accessible as the ``count`` attribute of
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the returned object.
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:type exclusive_start_key: list or tuple
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:param exclusive_start_key: Primary key of the item from
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which to continue an earlier query. This would be
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provided as the LastEvaluatedKey in that query.
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:type item_class: Class
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:param item_class: Allows you to override the class used
|
|
to generate the items. This should be a subclass of
|
|
:class:`boto.dynamodb.item.Item`
|
|
|
|
:return: A TableGenerator (generator) object which will iterate
|
|
over all results
|
|
:rtype: :class:`boto.dynamodb.layer2.TableGenerator`
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.layer2.scan(self, *args, **kw)
|
|
|
|
def batch_get_item(self, keys, attributes_to_get=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return a set of attributes for a multiple items from a single table
|
|
using their primary keys. This abstraction removes the 100 Items per
|
|
batch limitations as well as the "UnprocessedKeys" logic.
|
|
|
|
:type keys: list
|
|
:param keys: A list of scalar or tuple values. Each element in the
|
|
list represents one Item to retrieve. If the schema for the
|
|
table has both a HashKey and a RangeKey, each element in the
|
|
list should be a tuple consisting of (hash_key, range_key). If
|
|
the schema for the table contains only a HashKey, each element
|
|
in the list should be a scalar value of the appropriate type
|
|
for the table schema. NOTE: The maximum number of items that
|
|
can be retrieved for a single operation is 100. Also, the
|
|
number of items retrieved is constrained by a 1 MB size limit.
|
|
|
|
:type attributes_to_get: list
|
|
:param attributes_to_get: A list of attribute names.
|
|
If supplied, only the specified attribute names will
|
|
be returned. Otherwise, all attributes will be returned.
|
|
|
|
:return: A TableBatchGenerator (generator) object which will
|
|
iterate over all results
|
|
:rtype: :class:`boto.dynamodb.table.TableBatchGenerator`
|
|
"""
|
|
return TableBatchGenerator(self, keys, attributes_to_get)
|