"""
Object to manage regular expressions, try to optimize the result:
 - '(a|b)' => '[ab]'
 - '(color red|color blue)' => 'color (red|blue)'
 - '([ab]|c)' => '[abc]'
 - 'ab' + 'cd' => 'abcd' (one long string)
 - [a-z]|[b] => [a-z]
 - [a-c]|[a-e] => [a-z]
 - [a-c]|[d] => [a-d]
 - [a-c]|[d-f] => [a-f]

Operation:
 - str(): convert to string
 - repr(): debug string
 - a & b: concatenation, eg. "big " & "car" => "big car"
 - a + b: alias to a & b
 - a | b: a or b, eg. "dog" | "cat" => "dog|cat"
 - minLength(): minimum length of matching pattern, "(cat|horse)".minLength() => 3
 - maxLength(): maximum length of matching pattern, "(cat|horse)".maxLength() => 5

Utilities:
 - createString(): create a regex matching a string
 - createRange(): create a regex matching character ranges

TODO:
 - Support Unicode regex (avoid mixing str and unicode types)
 - createString("__tax") | parse("__[12]") => group '__'
 - Make sure that all RegexXXX() classes are inmutable
 - Use singleton for dot, start and end

See also CPAN Regexp::Assemble (Perl module):
   http://search.cpan.org/~dland/Regexp-Assemble-0.28/Assemble.pm
"""

import re
import operator

from hachoir.core.tools import makePrintable


def matchSingleValue(regex):
    """
    Regex only match one exact string.

    >>> matchSingleValue(RegexEmpty())
    True
    >>> matchSingleValue(createString("abc"))
    True
    >>> matchSingleValue(createRange("a", "b"))
    False
    >>> matchSingleValue(createRange("a"))
    True
    >>> matchSingleValue(RegexAnd((RegexStart(), createString("abc"))))
    True
    """
    cls = regex.__class__
    if cls in (RegexEmpty, RegexString, RegexStart, RegexEnd):
        return True
    if cls == RegexAnd:
        return all(matchSingleValue(item) for item in regex)
    if cls == RegexRange:
        return len(regex.ranges) == 1 and len(regex.ranges[0]) == 1
    return False


def escapeRegex(text):
    r"""
    Escape string to use it in a regular expression:
    prefix special characters « ^.+*?{}[]|()\$ » by an antislash.
    """
    return re.sub(r"([][^.+*?{}|()\\$])", r"\\\1", text)


def _join(func, regex_list):
    if not isinstance(regex_list, (tuple, list)):
        regex_list = list(regex_list)
    if len(regex_list) == 0:
        return RegexEmpty()
    regex = regex_list[0]
    for item in regex_list[1:]:
        regex = func(regex, item)
    return regex


def createString(text):
    """
    >>> createString('')
    <RegexEmpty ''>
    >>> createString('abc')
    <RegexString 'abc'>
    """
    if text:
        return RegexString(text)
    else:
        return RegexEmpty()


def createRange(*text, **kw):
    """
    Create a regex range using character list.

    >>> createRange("a", "d", "b")
    <RegexRange '[abd]'>
    >>> createRange("-", "9", "4", "3", "0")
    <RegexRange '[0349-]'>
    """
    ranges = (RegexRangeCharacter(item) for item in text)
    return RegexRange(ranges, kw.get('exclude', False))


class Regex:
    """
    Abstract class defining a regular expression atom
    """

    def minLength(self):
        """
        Maximum length in characters of the regex.
        Returns None if there is no limit.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def maxLength(self):
        """
        Maximum length in characters of the regex.
        Returns None if there is no limit.
        """
        return self.minLength()

    def __str__(self, **kw):
        if not hasattr(self, "_str_value"):
            self._str_value = {}
        key = kw.get('python', False)
        if key not in self._str_value:
            self._str_value[key] = self._str(**kw)
        return self._str_value[key]

    def _str(self, **kw):
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def __repr__(self, **kw):
        regex = self.__str__(**kw)
        regex = makePrintable(regex, 'ASCII')
        return "<%s '%s'>" % (
            self.__class__.__name__, regex)

    def __contains__(self, item):
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def match(self, other):
        """
        Guess if self may matchs regex.
        May returns False even if self does match regex.
        """
        if self == other:
            return True
        return self._match(other)

    def _match(self, other):
        """
        Does regex match other regex?
        Eg. "." matchs "0" or "[a-z]" but "0" doesn't match ".".

        This function is used by match() which already check regex identity.
        """
        return False

    def _and(self, regex):
        """
        Create new optimized version of a+b.
        Returns None if there is no interesting optimization.
        """
        return None

    def __and__(self, regex):
        """
        Create new optimized version of a & b.
        Returns None if there is no interesting optimization.

        >>> RegexEmpty() & RegexString('a')
        <RegexString 'a'>
        """
        if regex.__class__ == RegexEmpty:
            return self
        new_regex = self._and(regex)
        if new_regex:
            return new_regex
        else:
            return RegexAnd((self, regex))

    def __add__(self, regex):
        return self.__and__(regex)

    def or_(self, other):
        """
        Create new optimized version of a|b.
        Returns None if there is no interesting optimization.
        """

        # (a|a) => a
        if self == other:
            return self

        # a matchs b => a
        if self._match(other):
            return self

        # b matchs a => b
        if other._match(self):
            return other

        # Try to optimize (a|b)
        if self.__class__ != other.__class__:
            new_regex = self._or_(other, False)
            if new_regex:
                return new_regex

            # Try to optimize (b|a)
            new_regex = other._or_(self, True)
            if new_regex:
                return new_regex
            return None
        else:
            return self._or_(other, False)

    def _or_(self, other, reverse):
        """
        Try to create optimized version of self|other if reverse if False,
        or of other|self if reverse if True.
        """
        return None

    def __or__(self, other):
        """
        Public method of OR operator: a|b. It call or_() internal method.
        If or_() returns None: RegexOr object is used (and otherwise,
        use or_() result).
        """
        # Try to optimize (a|b)
        new_regex = self.or_(other)
        if new_regex:
            return new_regex

        # Else use (a|b)
        return RegexOr((self, other))

    def __eq__(self, regex):
        if self.__class__ != regex.__class__:
            return False
        return self._eq(regex)

    def _eq(self, other):
        """
        Check if two objects of the same class are equals
        """
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "Class %s has no method _eq()" % self.__class__.__name__)

    def compile(self, **kw):
        return re.compile(self.__str__(**kw))

    def findPrefix(self, regex):
        """
        Try to create a common prefix between two regex.
        Eg. "abc" and "abd" => "ab"

        Return None if no prefix can be found.
        """
        return None

    def __iter__(self):
        raise NotImplementedError()


class RegexEmpty(Regex):

    def minLength(self):
        return 0

    def _str(self, **kw):
        return ''

    def _and(self, other):
        return other

    def _eq(self, other):
        return True


class RegexWord(RegexEmpty):

    def _and(self, other):
        if other.__class__ == RegexWord:
            return self
        return None

    def _str(self, **kw):
        return r'\b'


class RegexStart(RegexEmpty):

    def _and(self, other):
        if other.__class__ == RegexStart:
            return self
        return None

    def _str(self, **kw):
        return '^'


class RegexEnd(RegexStart):

    def _and(self, other):
        if other.__class__ == RegexEnd:
            return self
        return None

    def _str(self, **kw):
        return '$'


class RegexDot(Regex):

    def minLength(self):
        return 1

    def _str(self, **kw):
        return '.'

    def _match(self, other):
        if other.__class__ == RegexRange:
            return True
        if other.__class__ == RegexString and len(other.text) == 1:
            return True
        return False

    def _eq(self, other):
        return True


class RegexString(Regex):

    def __init__(self, text=""):
        assert isinstance(text, str)
        self.text = text
        assert 1 <= len(self.text)

    def minLength(self):
        return len(self.text)

    def _and(self, regex):
        """
        >>> RegexString('a') + RegexString('b')
        <RegexString 'ab'>
        """
        if regex.__class__ == RegexString:
            return RegexString(self.text + regex.text)
        return None

    def _str(self, **kw):
        return escapeRegex(self.text)

    def findPrefix(self, regex):
        """
        Try to find a common prefix of two string regex, returns:
         - None if there is no common prefix
         - (prefix, regexa, regexb) otherwise => prefix + (regexa|regexb)

        >>> RegexString('color red').findPrefix(RegexString('color blue'))
        (<RegexString 'color '>, <RegexString 'red'>, <RegexString 'blue'>)
        """
        if regex.__class__ != RegexString:
            return None
        texta = self.text
        textb = regex.text

        # '(a|b)' => '[ab]'
        if len(texta) == len(textb) == 1:
            return (createRange(texta, textb), RegexEmpty(), RegexEmpty())

        # '(text abc|text def)' => 'text (abc|def)'
        common = None
        for length in range(1, min(len(texta), len(textb)) + 1):
            if textb.startswith(texta[:length]):
                common = length
            else:
                break
        if not common:
            return None
        return (RegexString(texta[:common]), createString(texta[common:]), createString(textb[common:]))

    def _or_(self, other, reverse):
        """
        Remove duplicate:
        >>> RegexString("color") | RegexString("color")
        <RegexString 'color'>

        Group prefix:

        >>> RegexString("color red") | RegexString("color blue")
        <RegexAnd 'color (red|blue)'>
        >>> RegexString("color red") | RegexString("color")
        <RegexAnd 'color( red|)'>

        """

        # Don't know any other optimization for str|other
        if other.__class__ != RegexString:
            return None

        # Find common prefix
        common = self.findPrefix(other)
        if common:
            if not reverse:
                regex = common[1] | common[2]
            else:
                regex = common[2] | common[1]
            return common[0] + regex
        return None

    def _eq(self, other):
        return self.text == other.text


class RegexRangeItem:

    def __init__(self, cmin, cmax=None):
        try:
            self.cmin = cmin
            if cmax is not None:
                self.cmax = cmax
            else:
                self.cmax = cmin
        except TypeError:
            raise TypeError("RegexRangeItem: two characters expected (%s, %s) found" % (
                type(cmin), type(cmax)))
        if self.cmax < self.cmin:
            raise TypeError("RegexRangeItem: minimum (%u) is bigger than maximum (%u)" %
                            (self.cmin, self.cmax))

    def __len__(self):
        return (self.cmax - self.cmin + 1)

    def __contains__(self, value):
        assert issubclass(value.__class__, RegexRangeItem)
        return (self.cmin <= value.cmin) and (value.cmax <= self.cmax)

    def __str__(self, **kw):
        cmin = chr(self.cmin)
        if self.cmin != self.cmax:
            cmax = chr(self.cmax)
            if (self.cmin + 1) == self.cmax:
                return "%s%s" % (cmin, cmax)
            else:
                return "%s-%s" % (cmin, cmax)
        else:
            return cmin

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<RegexRangeItem %u-%u>" % (self.cmin, self.cmax)


class RegexRangeCharacter(RegexRangeItem):

    def __init__(self, char):
        RegexRangeItem.__init__(self, ord(char), ord(char))


class RegexRange(Regex):

    def __init__(self, ranges, exclude=False, optimize=True):
        if optimize:
            self.ranges = []
            for item in ranges:
                RegexRange.rangeAdd(self.ranges, item)
            self.ranges.sort(key=lambda item: item.cmin)
        else:
            self.ranges = tuple(ranges)
        self.exclude = exclude

    @staticmethod
    def rangeAdd(ranges, itemb):
        """
        Add a value in a RegexRangeItem() list:
        remove duplicates and merge ranges when it's possible.
        """
        new = None
        for index, itema in enumerate(ranges):
            if itema in itemb:
                # [b] + [a-c] => [a-c]
                new = itemb
                break
            elif itemb in itema:
                # [a-c] + [b] => [a-c]
                return
            elif (itemb.cmax + 1) == itema.cmin:
                # [d-f] + [a-c] => [a-f]
                new = RegexRangeItem(itemb.cmin, itema.cmax)
                break
            elif (itema.cmax + 1) == itemb.cmin:
                # [a-c] + [d-f] => [a-f]
                new = RegexRangeItem(itema.cmin, itemb.cmax)
                break
        if new:
            del ranges[index]
            RegexRange.rangeAdd(ranges, new)
            return
        else:
            ranges.append(itemb)

    def minLength(self):
        return 1

    def _match(self, other):
        """
        >>> createRange("a") | createRange("b")
        <RegexRange '[ab]'>
        >>> createRange("a", "b", exclude=True) | createRange("a", "c", exclude=True)
        <RegexRange '[^a-c]'>
        """
        if not self.exclude and other.__class__ == RegexString and len(other.text) == 1:
            branges = (RegexRangeCharacter(other.text),)
        elif other.__class__ == RegexRange and self.exclude == other.exclude:
            branges = other.ranges
        else:
            return None
        for itemb in branges:
            if not any(itemb in itema for itema in self.ranges):
                return False
        return True

    def _or_(self, other, reverse):
        """
        >>> createRange("a") | createRange("b")
        <RegexRange '[ab]'>
        >>> createRange("a", "b", exclude=True) | createRange("a", "c", exclude=True)
        <RegexRange '[^a-c]'>
        """
        if not self.exclude and other.__class__ == RegexString and len(other.text) == 1:
            branges = (RegexRangeCharacter(other.text),)
        elif other.__class__ == RegexRange and self.exclude == other.exclude:
            branges = other.ranges
        else:
            return None
        ranges = list(self.ranges)
        for itemb in branges:
            RegexRange.rangeAdd(ranges, itemb)
        return RegexRange(ranges, self.exclude, optimize=False)

    def _str(self, **kw):
        content = [str(item) for item in self.ranges]
        if "-" in content:
            content.remove("-")
            suffix = "-"
        else:
            suffix = ""
        if "]" in content:
            content.remove("]")
            prefix = "]"
        else:
            prefix = ""
        text = prefix + (''.join(content)) + suffix
        if self.exclude:
            return "[^%s]" % text
        else:
            return "[%s]" % text

    def _eq(self, other):
        if self.exclude != other.exclude:
            return False
        return self.ranges == other.ranges


class RegexAnd(Regex):

    def __init__(self, items):
        self.content = list(items)
        assert 2 <= len(self.content)

    def _minmaxLength(self, lengths):
        total = 0
        for length in lengths:
            if length is None:
                return None
            total += length
        return total

    def minLength(self):
        """
        >>> regex=((RegexString('a') | RegexString('bcd')) + RegexString('z'))
        >>> regex.minLength()
        2
        """
        return self._minmaxLength(regex.minLength() for regex in self.content)

    def maxLength(self):
        """
        >>> regex=RegexOr((RegexString('a'), RegexString('bcd')))
        >>> RegexAnd((regex, RegexString('z'))).maxLength()
        4
        """
        return self._minmaxLength(regex.maxLength() for regex in self.content)

    def _or_(self, other, reverse):
        if other.__class__ == RegexString:
            contentb = [other]
        elif other.__class__ == RegexAnd:
            contentb = other.content
        else:
            return None

        contenta = self.content
        if reverse:
            contenta, contentb = contentb, contenta

        # Find common prefix
        # eg. (ab|ac) => a(b|c) and (abc|abd) => ab(c|d)
        index = 0
        last_index = min(len(contenta), len(contentb))
        while index < last_index and contenta[index] == contentb[index]:
            index += 1
        if index:
            regex = RegexAnd.join(
                contenta[index:]) | RegexAnd.join(contentb[index:])
            return RegexAnd.join(contenta[:index]) + regex

        # Find common prefix: (abc|aef) => a(bc|ef)
        common = contenta[0].findPrefix(contentb[0])
        if common:
            regexa = common[1] & RegexAnd.join(contenta[1:])
            regexb = common[2] & RegexAnd.join(contentb[1:])
            regex = (regexa | regexb)
            if matchSingleValue(common[0]) or matchSingleValue(regex):
                return common[0] + regex
        return None

    def _and(self, regex):
        """
        >>> RegexDot() + RegexDot()
        <RegexAnd '..'>
        >>> RegexDot() + RegexString('a') + RegexString('b')
        <RegexAnd '.ab'>
        """

        if regex.__class__ == RegexAnd:
            total = self
            for item in regex.content:
                total = total + item
            return total
        new_item = self.content[-1]._and(regex)
        if new_item:
            self.content[-1] = new_item
            return self
        return RegexAnd(self.content + [regex])

    def _str(self, **kw):
        return ''.join(item.__str__(**kw) for item in self.content)

    @classmethod
    def join(cls, regex):
        """
        >>> RegexAnd.join( (RegexString('Big '), RegexString('fish')) )
        <RegexString 'Big fish'>
        """
        return _join(operator.__and__, regex)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.content)

    def _eq(self, other):
        if len(self.content) != len(other.content):
            return False
        return all(item[0] == item[1] for item in zip(self.content, other.content))


class RegexOr(Regex):

    def __init__(self, items, optimize=True):
        if optimize:
            self.content = []
            for item in items:
                if item in self:
                    continue
                self.content.append(item)
        else:
            self.content = tuple(items)
        assert 2 <= len(self.content)

    def __contains__(self, regex):
        for item in self.content:
            if item == regex:
                return True
        return False

    def _or_(self, other, reverse):
        """
        >>> (RegexString("abc") | RegexString("123")) | (RegexString("plop") | RegexString("456"))
        <RegexOr '(abc|123|plop|456)'>
        >>> RegexString("mouse") | createRange('a') | RegexString("2006") | createRange('z')
        <RegexOr '(mouse|[az]|2006)'>
        """
        if other.__class__ == RegexOr:
            total = self
            for item in other.content:
                total = total | item
            return total
        for index, item in enumerate(self.content):
            new_item = item.or_(other)
            if new_item:
                content = list(self.content)
                content = content[:index] + [new_item] + content[index + 1:]
                return RegexOr(content, optimize=False)
        if not reverse:
            content = list(self.content) + [other]
        else:
            content = [other] + list(self.content)
        return RegexOr(content, optimize=False)

    def _str(self, **kw):
        content = '|'.join(item.__str__(**kw) for item in self.content)
        if kw.get('python', False):
            return "(?:%s)" % content
        else:
            return "(%s)" % content

    def _minmaxLength(self, lengths, func):
        value = None
        for length in lengths:
            if length is None:
                return None
            if value is None:
                value = length
            else:
                value = func(value, length)
        return value

    def minLength(self):
        lengths = (regex.minLength() for regex in self.content)
        return self._minmaxLength(lengths, min)

    def maxLength(self):
        lengths = (regex.maxLength() for regex in self.content)
        return self._minmaxLength(lengths, max)

    @classmethod
    def join(cls, regex):
        """
        >>> RegexOr.join( (RegexString('a'), RegexString('b'), RegexString('c')) )
        <RegexRange '[a-c]'>
        """
        return _join(operator.__or__, regex)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.content)

    def _eq(self, other):
        if len(self.content) != len(other.content):
            return False
        return all(item[0] == item[1] for item in zip(self.content, other.content))


def optimizeRepeatOr(rmin, rmax, regex):
    # Fix rmin/rmax
    for item in regex:
        cls = item.__class__
        if cls == RegexEmpty:
            # (a|b|){x,y} => (a|b){0,y}
            rmin = 0
        elif cls == RegexRepeat:
            # (a{0,n}|b){x,y} => (a{1,n}|b){0,y}
            if item.min == 0 and rmin == 1:
                rmin = 0

    # Create new (optimized) RegexOr expression
    content = []
    for item in regex:
        cls = item.__class__
        if cls == RegexEmpty:
            # (a|){x,y} => a{0,y}
            continue
        if cls == RegexRepeat:
            if item.min == 0:
                if rmin in (0, 1):
                    if rmax is item.max is None:
                        # (a*|b){x,} => (a|b){x,}
                        item = item.regex
                    else:
                        # (a{0,p}|b){x,} => (a{1,p}|b){x,}
                        item = RegexRepeat(
                            item.regex, 1, item.max, optimize=False)
            elif item.min == 1:
                if rmax is item.max is None:
                    # (a+|b){x,} => (a|b){x,}
                    item = item.regex
            else:
                if rmax is item.max is None:
                    # (a{n,}|b){x,} => (a{n}|b){x,}
                    item = RegexRepeat(item.regex, item.min,
                                       item.min, optimize=False)
        content.append(item)
    regex = RegexOr.join(content)
    return (rmin, rmax, regex)


class RegexRepeat(Regex):
    """
    >>> a=createString('a')
    >>> RegexRepeat(a, 0, None)
    <RegexRepeat 'a*'>
    >>> RegexRepeat(a, 1, None)
    <RegexRepeat 'a+'>
    >>> RegexRepeat(a, 0, 1)
    <RegexRepeat 'a?'>
    >>> RegexRepeat(a, 0, 1)
    <RegexRepeat 'a?'>
    >>> RegexRepeat(a, 1, 3)
    <RegexRepeat 'a{1,3}'>
    """

    def __init__(self, regex, rmin, rmax, optimize=True):
        # Optimisations
        if optimize:
            cls = regex.__class__
            if cls == RegexRepeat:
                # (a{n,p}){x,y) => a{n*x,p*y}
                if not (rmin == 0 and rmax == 1):
                    rmin *= regex.min
                    if regex.max and rmax:
                        rmax *= regex.max
                    else:
                        rmax = None
                    regex = regex.regex
            elif cls == RegexOr:
                rmin, rmax, regex = optimizeRepeatOr(rmin, rmax, regex)

        # Store attributes
        self.regex = regex
        self.min = rmin
        self.max = rmax

        # Post-conditions
        assert 0 <= rmin
        if self.max is not None:
            if self.max < self.min:
                raise ValueError(
                    "RegexRepeat: minimum (%s) is bigger than maximum (%s)!" % (self.min, self.max))
            if (self.max == 0) \
                    or (self.min == self.max == 1):
                raise ValueError(
                    "RegexRepeat: invalid values (min=%s, max=%s)!" % (self.min, self.max))

    def minLength(self):
        """
        >>> r=RegexRepeat(createString("abc") | createString("01"), 1, 3)
        >>> r.minLength(), r.maxLength()
        (2, 9)
        >>> r=RegexRepeat(createString("abc") | createString("01"), 4, None)
        >>> r.minLength(), r.maxLength()
        (8, None)
        """
        if self.min is not None:
            return self.regex.minLength() * self.min
        else:
            return None

    def maxLength(self):
        if self.max is not None:
            return self.regex.maxLength() * self.max
        else:
            return None

    def _str(self, **kw):
        text = str(self.regex)
        if self.regex.__class__ == RegexAnd \
                or (self.regex.__class__ == RegexString and 1 < len(self.regex.text)):
            text = "(%s)" % text
        if self.min == 0 and self.max == 1:
            return "%s?" % text
        if self.min == self.max:
            return "%s{%u}" % (text, self.min)
        if self.max is None:
            if self.min == 0:
                return "%s*" % text
            elif self.min == 1:
                return "%s+" % text
            else:
                return "%s{%u,}" % (text, self.min)
        return "%s{%u,%u}" % (text, self.min, self.max)

    def _eq(self, other):
        if self.min != other.min:
            return False
        if self.max != other.max:
            return False
        return (self.regex == other.regex)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()